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-
- Description:
- The mechanisms governing tree drought mortality and recovery remain a subject of inquiry and active debate given their role in the terrestrial carbon cycle and their concomitant impact on climate change. Counter-intuitively, many trees do not die during the drought itself. Indeed, observations globally have documented that trees often grow for several years after drought before mortality. A combination of meta-analysis and tree physiological models demonstrate that optimal carbon allocation after drought explains observed patterns of delayed tree mortality and provides a predictive recovery framework. Specifically, post-drought, trees attempt to repair water transport tissue and achieve positive carbon balance through regrowing drought-damaged xylem. Further, the number of years of xylem regrowth required to recover function increases with tree size, explaining why drought mortality increases with size. These results indicate that tree resilience to drought-kill may increase in the future, provided that CO2 fertilization facilitates more rapid xylem regrowth.
- Keyword:
- drought, optimality theory, vegetation model, CO2 fertilization, hydraulic-carbon coupling, and carbon metabolism
- Subject:
- droughts and vegetation
- Creator:
- Trugman, Anna T. , Detto, Matteo , Bartlett, Megan K., Medvigy, David, Anderegg, William R. L., Schwalm, Christopher, Schaffer, Ben, and Pacala, Stephen W.
- Owner:
- BRIAN MCBRIDE
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 07/10/2019
- Date Modified:
- 11/05/2024
- Date Created:
- 2018-01-01 to 2018-05-31
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S5N29V4F
-
- Description:
- The objective of using the wireless sensors was to improve understanding of the heterogeneity of healthcare worker (HCW) contact with patients and the physical environment in patients’ rooms. The framework and design were based on contact networks with a) nodes defined by HCW’s, rooms, and items in the room and b) edges defined by HCW’s in the room, near the bed, and touching items. Nodes had characteristics of HCW role and room number. Edges had characteristics of day, start time, and duration. Thus, patterns and heterogeneity could be understood within contexts of time, space, roles, and patient characteristics. At the University of Utah Hospital Cardiovascular ICU (CVICU), a 20-bed unit, we collected data for 54 days. HCW contact with patients was measured using wireless sensors to capture time spent in patient rooms as well as time spent near the patient bed. HCW contact with the physical environment was measured using wireless sensors on the following items in patient rooms: door, sink, toilet, over-bed table, keyboard, vital signs monitor touchscreen, and cart. HCW’s clipped a sensor to their clothing or lanyard. This dataset contains cleaned sensor pings of RFD reads between healthcare worker worn sensors and environmental sensors placed in facility using methods described in the "Data Cleaning Steps" section.
- Keyword:
- patient contact and wireless sensors
- Subject:
- cardiology
- Creator:
- Rubin, Michael, Haroldsen, Candace, and Leecaster, Molly
- Contributor:
- Huber, Tavis and Stratford, Kristina
- Owner:
- Michael Rubin
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 12/26/2023
- Date Modified:
- 11/05/2024
- Date Created:
- 2018-01-01 to 2018-12-31
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- www.doi.org/10.7278/S50d-twbh-955q
-
- Description:
- The objective of using the wireless sensors was to improve understanding of the heterogeneity of healthcare worker (HCW) contact with patients and the physical environment in patients’ rooms. The framework and design were based on contact networks with a) nodes defined by HCW’s, rooms, and items in the room and b) edges defined by HCW’s in the room, near the bed, and touching items. Nodes had characteristics of HCW role and room number. Edges had characteristics of day, start time, and duration. Thus, patterns and heterogeneity could be understood within contexts of time, space, roles, and patient characteristics. At the University of Utah Hospital Cardiovascular ICU (CVICU), a 20-bed unit, we collected data for 54 days. HCW contact with patients was measured using wireless sensors to capture time spent in patient rooms as well as time spent near the patient bed. HCW contact with the physical environment was measured using wireless sensors on the following items in patient rooms: door, sink, toilet, over-bed table, keyboard, vital signs monitor touchscreen, and cart. HCW’s clipped a sensor to their clothing or lanyard. This dataset contains cleaned event-level data processed from sensor pings of RFD reads between healthcare worker worn sensors and environmental sensors placed in facility using methods described in the "Data Cleaning Steps" section.
- Keyword:
- patient contact and wireless sensors
- Subject:
- cardiology
- Creator:
- Leecaster, Molly, Rubin, Michael, and Haroldsen, Candace
- Contributor:
- Huber, Tavis and Stratford, Kristina
- Owner:
- Michael Rubin
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 12/26/2023
- Date Modified:
- 11/05/2024
- Date Created:
- 2018-01-01 to 2018-12-31
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- www.doi.org/10.7278/S50d-hmxz-4bf1
-
- Description:
- This dataset contains room occupancy during the study period at University of Utah hospital. Admission, Discharge, and Transfer (ADT) data is captured in participating hospitals to characterize room occupancy and non-occupancy in wards. These data are pulled from multiple sources collected during the study by study staff as well as harvested EHR data. Data were adjudicated and compiled into one comprehensive file. Data manipulation included redaction of dates, replaced with study days 1-n, as well as transformation from long format to wide for ease of use.
- Keyword:
- bed occupancy, transfer, discharge, ADT, and admission
- Subject:
- bed occupancy
- Creator:
- Haroldsen, Candace, Rubin, Michael, and Leecaster, Molly
- Contributor:
- Huber, Tavis and Stratford, Kristina
- Owner:
- Michael Rubin
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 12/26/2023
- Date Modified:
- 11/05/2024
- Date Created:
- 2018-01-01 to 2018-12-31
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- www.doi.org/10.7278/S50d-6wz0-jk8j
-
- Description:
- Tropical convective clouds evolve over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, which makes them difficult to simulate numerically. Here we propose that cloud statistical properties can be derived within a simplified time-independent coordinate system of cloud number n, saturated static energy h⋆, and cloud perimeter λ. Under the constraint that circulations around cloud edge compete with each other for total buoyant energy and air, we show that the product of cloud number and cloud perimeter nλ is invariant with λ and that cloud number follows a negative exponential with respect to cloud-edge deviations of h⋆ with respect to the mean. Overall, the summed perimeter of all clouds scales as the square root of the atmospheric static stability. These theoretical results suggest that the complexity of cloud field structures can be viewed statistically as an emergent property of atmospheric bulk thermodynamics. Comparison with a detailed tropical cloud field simulation shows general agreement to within ≤13%. For the sake of developing hypotheses about cloud temporal evolution that are testable in high resolution simulations, the shapes of tropical cloud perimeter distributions are predicted to be invariant as climate warms, although with a modest increase in total cloud amount.
- Keyword:
- climate, clouds, statistics, and atmospheric sciences
- Subject:
- atmospheric sciences
- Creator:
- Garrett, Tim
- Owner:
- BRIAN MCBRIDE
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 07/10/2019
- Date Modified:
- 11/05/2024
- Date Created:
- 2018-01-01 to 2018-12-31
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S5CV4FWW
-
- Description:
- This dataset provides access to data from personnel records of miner employment from 1900–1919. Records from the Utah Copper Company are handwritten and contain the following employee information: name, date employed, address, dependents, age, weight, height, eyes, hair, gender, and nationality. Data has been transcribed and released as a .tsv (Tab Separated Values) file. Technical metadata has been redacted.
- Keyword:
- mining, copper miners, Bingham Copper Mine, and labor records
- Subject:
- mining camps, miners, Bingham Copper Mine (Utah), and copper miners
- Creator:
- Neatrour, Anna and Wittmann, Rachel Jane
- Depositor:
- Kaylee Alexander
- Owner:
- ANNA NEATROUR
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 11/16/2023
- Date Modified:
- 11/05/2024
- Date Created:
- 1900-01-01 to 1919-12-31 (original data) and 2019-01-01 to 2021-12-31 (transcribed)
- License:
- CCO – As the data author, you are choosing to place your data into the public domain.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50d-7zxh-42hf
-
- Description:
- The dataset contains velocity measurements along the fiber optic cable connecting the University of Utah campus to the University of Utah Downtown data center (875 West Temple, Salt Lake City, UT). The data has been collected using the Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system that records the vibration signals along 8.4 km long optical fiber every 4.9-m interval with a sampling rate of approximately 1000 Hz. The fiber is mainly installed along the red line of TRAX, which is the light rail system of the Utah Transit Authority. The route intersects the East Bench fault, which is known as an active fault segment of the Wasatch Fault zone. Although no earthquake signals were detected, the velocity data converted to strain rate clearly show the operation of trains between the stations at 450 S Main Street and 900 South 200 West. Analysis of this dataset is expected to provide insights into seismic velocities at shallow depths and structures associated with fault scarps. and See README file for data retrieval instructions.
- Keyword:
- seismology, urban seismology, distributed acoustic sensing, fiber optic cable, and strain rate
- Subject:
- Geophysics, Seismology, Seismology--Observations, and Surface fault ruptures
- Creator:
- Kim, HyeJeong and Lin, Fan-Chi
- Contributor:
- Chambers, Derrick
- Owner:
- Kaylee Alexander
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 07/01/2024
- Date Modified:
- 11/05/2024
- Date Created:
- 2023-05-24 to 2023-05-26 (period 1), 2023-08-03 to 2023-08-11 (period 3), 2023-12-22 to 2024-01-02 (period 4), and 2023-06-29 to 2023-07-10 (period 2)
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-kgxx-ev8y
-
- Description:
- The data from the Digital Library Outreach and Instruction survey is intended to discover how digital library practitioners at various types of cultural institutions promote their unique resources, beyond simply placing content in an online repository for users to discover. Types of outreach investigated include social media promotion, integration of digital collections into teaching and instruction activities, and partnerships with external campus units or community organizations.
- Keyword:
- survey response data, digital libraries, digital repositories, institutional repositories, outreach, instruction, digital humanities, digital scholarship, promotion, partnerships, digital exhibits, and digital collections
- Subject:
- Digital libraries, Library outreach programs, Instruction librarians, and Internet surveys
- Creator:
- Wittmann, Rachel, Myntti, Jeremy, Neatrour, Anna, and Cummings, Rebekah
- Contributor:
- Monson, Jane
- Depositor:
- Kaylee Alexander
- Owner:
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 04/01/2024
- Date Modified:
- 11/05/2024
- Date Created:
- 2022-11-02 to 2022-11-18
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50d-whba-w5tz
-
- Description:
- Atypical atrial flutter is seen post-ablation in patients, and it can be challenging to map. These flutters are typically set up around areas of scar in the left atrium. MRI can reliably identify left atrial scar. We propose a personalized computational model using patient specific scar information, to generate a monodomain model. In the model conductivities are adjusted for different tissue regions and flutter was induced with a premature pacing protocol. The model was tested prospectively in patients undergoing atypical flutter ablation. The simulation-predicted flutters were visualized and presented to clinicians. Validation of the computational model was motivated by recording from electroanatomical mapping. These personalized models successfully predicted clinically observed atypical flutter circuits and at times even better than invasive maps leading to flutter termination at isthmus sites predicted by the model.
- Keyword:
- Biomedical Engineering, Computer Simulation, and Atrial Flutter
- Subject:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Creator:
- Lange, Matthias, Dosdall, Derek J., Kwan, Eugene, MacLeod, Rob S., Bunch, T. Jared, and Ranjan, Ravi
- Owner:
- Matthias Lange
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 06/10/2023
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2020-01-01 to 2022-12-31
- License:
- CC BY – Allows others to use and share your data, even commercially, with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50d-fdna-tekm
-
- Description:
- Objectives: Falls in hospitals pose a significant safety risk, leading to injuries, prolonged hospitalization, and lasting complications. This study explores the potential of augmented reality (AR) technology in healthcare facility design to mitigate fall risk. Background: Few studies have investigated the impact of hospital room layouts on falls due to the high cost of building physical prototypes. This study introduces an innovative approach using AR technology to advance methods for healthcare facility design efficiently. Methods: Ten healthy participants enrolled in this study to examine different hospital room designs in AR. Factors of interest included room configuration, door type, exit side of the bed, toilet placement, and the presence of IV equipment. AR trackers captured trajectories of the body as participants navigated through these AR hospital layouts, providing insights into user behavior and preferences. Results: Door type influenced the degree of backward and sideways movement, with the presence of an IV pole intensifying the interaction between door and room type, leading to increased sideways and backward motion. Participants displayed varying patterns of backward and sideways travel depending on the specific room configurations they encountered. Conclusions: AR can be an efficient and cost-effective method to modify room configurations to identify important design factors before conducting physical testing. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the effect of environmental factors on movement patterns in simulated hospital rooms. These results highlight the importance of considering environmental factors, such as the type of door and bathroom location, when designing healthcare facilities.
- Keyword:
- hospital room and fall prevention
- Subject:
- Patients' Rooms and Accident Prevention
- Creator:
- Seddighi, Nooshin, Fino, Peter C. , and Wong, Bob
- Owner:
- Madison Golden
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- University of Utah, Utah, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 11/09/2023
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2022-07-14 to 2022-11-18
- License:
- Other – See README file for more information.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- http://doi.org/10.7278/S50d-evm5-vh17
-
- Description:
- A spreadsheet listing the licensing and attendance information for four planetarium films.
- Keyword:
- planetarium, film, impact, data visualization, and cinematic scientific visualization
- Subject:
- Planetariums, Motion pictures, Visual Analytics, and Impact
- Creator:
- Miao, Yiwen, Isaacs, Katherine E., Levy, Stuart, Naiman, J.P., Jensen, Eric, and Borkiewicz, Kalina
- Owner:
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/08/2024
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2022-02-28 to 2024-04-30
- License:
- CC BY – Allows others to use and share your data, even commercially, with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- http://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-1anf-0dcr
-
- Description:
- Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of utilising larger lens cubes on phacoemulsification efficiency and chatter using 3 tips of different sizes and 2 ultrasound (US) approaches. Methods: This was an in vitro laboratory study conducted at the John A. Moran Eye Center Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Porcine lens nuclei were formalin-soaked for 2 hours, then divided into either 2.0 mm or 3.0 mm cubes. 30 degree bent 19 G, 20 G, and 21 G tips were used with a continuous torsional US system; and straight 19 G, 20 G, and 21 G tips were used with a micropulse longitudinal US system. Efficiency and chatter were determined. Results: Mean phacoemulsification removal time was higher with the 3.0 mm lens cube for all US variations and tip sizes. There were statistically significant differences between the 19 G and 21 G tips with micropulse longitudinal US using the 2.0 mm lens cube and the 3.0 mm lens cube, as well as with continuous transversal US using the 2.0 mm lens cube and the 3.0 mm lens cube. There was no significant difference between 19 G and 20 G tips with either lens cube size in either US approach. However, using both US approaches, trends were identical for both lens cube sizes in which the 19 G tips performed better than the 20 G and 21 G tips. Conclusion: Regardless of lens size, the 19 G needle was the most efficient, with the fewest outliers and smallest standard deviations.
- Keyword:
- vacuum, phacoemulsification, ultrasound, porcine, lens size, and cataract
- Subject:
- ophthalmology
- Creator:
- Barlow, William R., Bernhisel, Ashlie A., Zaugg, Brian, Olson, Randall J., Ramshekar, Aniket, Heczko, Joshua B., and Pettey, Jeff H.
- Depositor:
- Susan Schulman
- Owner:
- Jeff Pettey
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 11/26/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2018-02-01 to 2018-02-04
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50D-ZTWP-VF00
-
- Description:
- Localization of the components of the cardiac conduction system (CCS) is essential for many therapeutic procedures in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology. While histological studies provided fundamental insights into CCS localization, this information is incomplete and difficult to translate to aid in intraprocedural localization. To advance our understanding of CCS localization, we set out to establish a framework for quantifying nodal region morphology. Using this framework, we quantitatively analyzed the sinoatrial node (SAN) and atrioventricular node (AVN) in ovine with menstrual age ranging from 4.4 to 58.3 months. In particular, we studied the SAN and AVN in relation to the epicardial and endocardial surfaces, respectively. Using anatomical landmarks, we excised the nodes and adjacent tissues, sectioned those at a thickness of 4 µm at 100 µm intervals, and applied Masson’s trichrome stain to the sections. These sections were then imaged, segmented to identify nodal tissue, and analyzed to quantify nodal depth and superficial tissue composition. The minimal SAN depth ranged between 20 and 926 µm. AVN minimal depth ranged between 59 and 1192 µm in the AVN extension region, 49 and 980 µm for the compact node, and 148 and 888 µm for the transition to His Bundle region. Using a logarithmic regression model, we found that minimal depth increased logarithmically with age for the AVN (R2=0.818, P=0.002). Also, the myocardial overlay of the AVN was heterogeneous within different regions and decreased with increasing age. Age associated alterations of SAN minimal depth were insignificant. Our study presents examples of characteristic tissue patterns superficial to the AVN and within the SAN. We suggest that the presented framework provides quantitative information for CCS localization. Our studies indicate that procedural methods and localization approaches in regions near the AVN should account for the age of patients in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology.
- Keyword:
- AVN, sinoatrial node, SAN, atrioventricular node, Masson's Trichrome, cardiology, cardiac conduction system, heart, and physiology
- Subject:
- cardiology and physiology
- Creator:
- Sachse, Frank B., Cottle, Brian K., and Johnson, Jordan
- Owner:
- Frank Sachse
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 11/13/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2018-01-01 to 2018-12-31
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50D-546S-4RVW
-
- Description:
- Subglacial water pressures influence groundwater conditions in proximal alpine valley rock slopes, varying with glacier advance and retreat in parallel with changing ice thickness. Fluctuating groundwater pressures in turn increase or reduce effective joint normal stresses, affecting the yield strength of discontinuities. Here we extend simplified assumptions of glacial debuttressing to investigate how glacier loading cycles together with changing groundwater pressures generate rock slope damage and prepare future slope instabilities. Using hydromechanical coupled numerical models closely based on the Aletsch Glacier valley in Switzerland, we simulate Late Pleistocene and Holocene glacier loading cycles including long-term and annual groundwater fluctuations. Measurements of transient subglacial water pressures from ice boreholes in the Aletsch Glacier ablation area, as well as continuous monitoring of bedrock deformation from permanent GNSS stations helps verify our model assumptions. While purely mechanical glacier loading cycles create only limited rock slope damage in our models, introducing a fluctuating groundwater table generates substantial new fracturing. Superposed annual groundwater cycles increase predicted damage. The cumulative effects are capable of destabilizing the eastern valley flank of our model in toppling-mode failure, similar to field observations of active landslide geometry and kinematics. We find that hydromechanical fatigue is most effective acting in combination with long-term loading and unloading of the slope during glacial cycles. Our results demonstrate that hydromechanical stresses associated with glacial cycles are capable of generating substantial rock slope damage and represent a key preparatory factor for paraglacial slope instabilities.
- Keyword:
- Aletsch Glacier, boreholes, numerical models, subglacial water pressure, Switzerland, Late Pleistocene, Holocene, ground water, and geology
- Subject:
- Geology
- Creator:
- Moore, Jeffrey R., Loew, Simon, Limpach, Philippe, Gischig, Valentin, Grämiger, Lorenz, and Funk, Martin
- Owner:
- Jeff Moore
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Aletsch Glacier, Valais, Switzerland
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 01/03/2020
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- Borehole P1 2013-07-12 09:28:09 to 2014-08-08 09:11:14 and Borehole P2: 2013-07-16 05:00:03 to 2014-08-08 22:10:44
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50D-A50H-3TE4
-
- Description:
- Light-scattering spectroscopy (LSS) is an established optical approach for nondestructive characterization of biological tissues. Here, we investigated the capabilities of LSS and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to quantitatively characterize the composition and arrangement of cardiac tissues. We assembled tissue constructs from 200 μm thick sections of fixed myocardium and aortic wall. Thickness of the tissue constructs was similar to the thickness of atrial free wall. In the assembled constructs, the aortic sections represented fibrotic tissue and the depth, volume fraction, and arrangement of these fibrotic insets were varied. We gathered spectra with wavelengths from 500-1100 nm from the constructs at multiple locations relative to a light source. We used single and combinations of two spectra for training of CNNs. With independently measured spectra, we assessed the accuracy of the trained CNNs for classification of tissue constructs from single spectra and combined spectra. In general, classification accuracy with single spectra was smaller than with combined spectra. Combined spectra including spectra from fibers distal from the illumination fiber typically yielded a higher accuracy than proximal single collection fibers. Maximal classification accuracy of depth detection, volume fraction and permutated arrangements was (mean±stddev) 88.97±2.49%, 76.33±1.51% and 84.25±1.88%, respectively. Our studies demonstrate the reliability of quantitative characterization of tissue composition and arrangements using a combination of LSS and CNNs. Potential clinical applications of the developed approach include intraoperative quantification and mapping of atrial fibrosis as well as assessment of ablation lesions.
- Keyword:
- cardiology, neural networks, cardiovascular imaging, heart, spectroscopy, machine learning, and optical imaging
- Subject:
- cardiology
- Creator:
- Hitchcock, Robert W., Sachse, Frank B., Cottle, Brian K., Kelson, Bailey E. B., and Knighton, Nathan J.
- Owner:
- Frank Sachse
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 01/09/2020
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2019-01-01 to 2019-02-08 and 2020-07-21 to 2020-08-07
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50D-3Q4J-SC4Y
-
- Description:
- We consider a scenario where the small satellites of Pluto and Charon grew within a disk of debris from an impact between Charon and a trans-Neptunian Object (TNO). After Charon’s orbital motion boosts the debris into a disk-like structure, rapid orbital damping of meter-size or smaller objects is essential to prevent the subsequent re-accretion or dynamical ejection by the binary. From analytical estimates and simulations of disk evolution, we estimate an impactor radius of 30–100 km; smaller (larger) radii apply to an oblique (direct) impact. Although collisions between large TNOs and Charon are unlikely today, they were relatively common within the first 0.1–1 Gyr of the solar system. Compared to models where the small satellites agglomerate in the debris left over by the giant impact that produced the Pluto-Charon binary planet, satellite formation from a later impact on Charon avoids the destabilizing resonances that sweep past the satellites during the early orbital expansion of the binary.
- Keyword:
- Charon, planets, Pluto-Charon binary planet, debris, simulations, Pluto, satellites, Trans-Neptunian Object, and TNO
- Subject:
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Creator:
- Kenyon, Scott J. and Bromley, Benjamin C.
- Owner:
- BENJAMIN BROMLEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 07/07/2020
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2019-11-01 to 2020-04-30
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50D4AKFQZFC
-
- Description:
- Ground-based measurements of frozen precipitation are heavily influenced by interactions of surface winds with gauge-shield geometry. The Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC), which photographs hydrometeors in free-fall from three different angles while simultaneously measuring their fall speed, has been used in the field at multiple mid-latitude and polar locations both with and without wind shielding. Here we present an analysis of Arctic field observations — with and without a Belfort double Alter shield — and compare the results to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the airflow and corresponding particle trajectories around the unshielded MASC. MASC-measured fall speeds compare well with Ka-band Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Zenith Radar (KAZR) mean Doppler velocities only when winds are light (< 5 m/s) and the MASC is shielded. MASC-measured fall speeds that do not match KAZR measured velocities tend to fall below a threshold value that increases approximately linearly with wind speed but is generally < 0.5 m/s. For those events with wind speeds < 1.5 m/s, hydrometeors fall with an orientation angle mode of 12 degrees from the horizontal plane, and large, low-density aggregates are as much as five times more likely to be observed. Simulations in the absence of a wind shield show a separation of flow at the upstream side of the instrument, with an upward velocity component just above the aperture, which decreases the mean particle fall speed by 55% (74%) for a wind speed of 5 m/s (10 m/s). We conclude that accurate MASC observations of the microphysical, orientation, and fall speed characteristics of snow particles require shielding by a double wind fence and restriction of analysis to events where winds are light (< 5 m/s). Hydrometeors do not generally fall in still air, so adjustments to these properties' distributions within natural turbulence remain to be determined.
- Keyword:
- winds, snow, MATLAB, simulations, multi-angle snowflake camera, and hydrometeors
- Subject:
- Meteorology and Atmospheric Science
- Creator:
- Talaei, Ahmad, Hang, Chaoxun, Fitch, Kyle E., and Garrett, Timothy J.
- Owner:
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 07/20/2020
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2012-05-21 to 2020-07-19
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Software or Program Code
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50DQTX9K7QY
-
- Description:
- We consider a scenario where the small satellites of Pluto and Charon grew within a disk of debris from an impact between Charon and a trans-Neptunian object (TNO). After Charon's orbital motion boosts the debris into a disk-like structure, rapid orbital damping of meter-sized or smaller objects is essential to prevent the subsequent reaccretion or dynamical ejection by the binary. From analytical estimates and simulations of disk evolution, we estimate an impactor radius of 30-100 km; smaller (larger) radii apply to an oblique (direct) impact. Although collisions between large TNOs and Charon are unlikely today, they were relatively common within the first 0.1-1 Gyr of the solar system. Compared to models where the small satellites agglomerate in the debris left over by the giant impact that produced the Pluto-Charon binary planet, satellite formation from a later impact on Charon avoids the destabilizing resonances that sweep past the satellites during the early orbital expansion of the binary.
- Keyword:
- collisions, planet dynamical evolution, Pluto, solar system, planet formation, dwarf planets, simulation, satellite formation, satellite dynamical evolution, and Trans-Neptunian objects
- Subject:
- Astrophysics
- Creator:
- Kenyon, Scott J. and Bromley, Benjamin C.
- Owner:
- BENJAMIN BROMLEY
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 08/03/2020
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2019-11-15 to 2020-02-20
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50D5Q2MFDBT
-
- Description:
- This study investigates impacts of altering subgrid-scale mixing in “convection-permitting” km-scale horizontal grid spacing (∆h) simulations by applying either constant or stochastic multiplicative factors to the horizontal mixing coefficients within the Weather Research and Forecasting model. In quasi-idealized 1-km ∆h simulations of two observationally based squall line cases, constant enhanced mixing produces larger updraft cores that are more dilute at upper levels, weakens the cold pool, rear inflow jet, and front-to-rear flow of the squall line, and degrades the model’s effective resolution. Reducing mixing by a constant multiplicative factor has the opposite effect on all metrics. Completely turning off parameterized horizontal mixing produces bulk updraft statistics and squall line mesoscale structure closest to a LES “benchmark” among all 1-km simulations, although the updraft cores are too undilute. The stochastic mixing scheme, which applies a multiplicative factor to the mixing coefficients that varies stochastically in time and space, is employed at 0.5-, 1-, and 2-km ∆h. It generally reduces mid-level vertical velocities and enhances upper-level vertical velocities compared to simulations using the standard mixing scheme, with more substantial impacts at 1-km and 2-km ∆h compared to 0.5-km. The stochastic scheme also increases updraft dilution to better agree with the LES for one case, but has less impact on the other case. Stochastic mixing acts to weaken the cold pool but without a significant impact on squall line propagation. It also does not affect the model’s overall effective resolution unlike applying constant multiplicative factors to the mixing coefficients.
- Keyword:
- stochastic, stochastic mixing, WRF, squall line, simulation, weather research and forecasting, and mixing
- Subject:
- Atmospheric Sciences
- Creator:
- Stanford, McKenna, Morrison, Hugh, and Varble, Adam
- Owner:
- MCKENNA STANFORD
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 08/17/2020
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2019-03-01 to 2020-04-30
- License:
- Public Domain – This data is free of copyright restrictions (e.g. government sponsored data).
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50DJNGQ6V67
-
- Description:
- The Andes Cordillera, which runs the length of South America and rises up to 5,000 m MSL within 200 km of the Pacific coast, dramatically influences the distribution of winter precipitation and snowpack over Chile and Argentina. The study of orographic precipitation processes, particularly along the western slopes of the Andes, is important to improve forecasts of severe flooding and snowpack in a region that depends on snowmelt for water resources. While orographic effects have been investigated on synoptic scales in the Andes, the lack of operational radar coverage and high-elevation, long-term precipitation records have, before the present study, precluded an in-depth investigation into the mesoscale and microphysical processes that affect the distribution of precipitation in the region. This dataset was collected during the Chilean Orographic and Mesoscale Precipitation Study (ChOMPS), which, from May-October 2016, investigated the evolution of precipitation amounts, dropsize distribution, and the vertical profile of radar echoes along an east-west transect that stretched from the Pacific coast to the windward slope of the Andes. The transect, at ~36°S, was made up of a coastal site upstream of the coastal mountain range (Concepción), a central valley site (Chillán), and a mountain site (Las Trancas). Instrumentation along the transect included three vertically pointing Micro-Rain-Radars, two Parsivel Disdrometers, and several meteorological stations. The dataset documents the evolution of Doppler velocity and reflectivity profiles with inland extent during early, middle, and late storm sectors. Additionally, the transect provides a season-long record of the inland evolution of melting layer height as well as the prevalence and structure of shallow non-brightband rain and the characteristics of its inland penetration to the central valley. This dataset, the first of its kind in the Chilean Andes, provides unique insight into mesoscale and orographic precipitation processes that also have applicability to the west coast of the United States and other mountainous regions.
- Keyword:
- flooding, meteorology, mesoscale processes, snowpack, forecasts, Micro-Rain-Radars, Parsivel Disdrometers, South America, precipitation, and microphysical processes
- Subject:
- Meteorology
- Creator:
- Campbell, Leah S., Minder, Justin, and Garreaud, Rene
- Contributor:
- Springmeyer, William, Rojas, Yazmina, Viscarra, Aldo, Montecinos, Aldo, Aguila, Daniel Sebastian Veloso, and Salazar, Diego Rivera
- Owner:
- Leahs Campbell
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Chile, , Chile
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 05/16/2020
- Date Modified:
- 10/29/2024
- Date Created:
- 2016-05-15 to 2016-10-07
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/S50DJXEW0JH3