The Airborne Xanthomonas Experiments – Madras 2023 (AXE-M2023) dataset contains field-scale measurements of particle dispersion, deposition, and atmospheric turbulence during combine harvesting in Madras, Oregon, conducted over nine replicate trials in September 2023. Fluorescent microspheres of known sizes (33 µm and 165 µm) were released into the atmosphere from a combine harvester, and their downwind transport and deposition were measured using rotorod impaction traps, adhesive-coated deposition plates, and Cascade Settling Traps (CSTs). Simultaneously, two meteorological towers recorded turbulence and micrometeorological conditions using sonic anemometers and particle counters. The dataset includes spatial coordinate grids, deposition counts, derived mass concentrations, meteorological variables, and spliced images of deposition plates, all formatted in structured .CSV, .MAT, and .ZIP files. These data support analysis and modeling of near-surface transport dynamics, turbulent dispersion, and bioaerosol deposition in agricultural environments.
