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  • Large Eddy Simulations of Tall Vegetated Canopies: Heterogeneous Canopies (Patches)

    Description:
    The simulations associated with this dataset form part of a broader investigation into the effects of heterogeneity in tall vegetated canopies, designed to emulate structural and aerodynamic characteristics of the Amazon rainforest. All cases are forced by a geostrophic wind of 9 m s⁻¹ under neutrally stratified conditions. The vegetated canopy configurations feature canopies with circular patches of vegetation surrounded by bare soil that are randomly distributed over the domain. The numerical value in each patch case name corresponds to the diameter of the patches, D, expressed in meters after multiplication by a factor of 100. Thus: the configurations labeled “Patch_4_9mps” and “Patch_4_h_9mps” refer to gaps with D = 400 m, the configuration labeled “Patch_8_9mps” refers to gaps with D = 800 m, and the configuration labeled “Patch_12_9mps” refers to gaps with D = 1200 m. The suffix “_h” in the simulation label “Patch_4_h_9mps” stands for “half,” indicating that the number of vegetation patches in this configuration is half that of the corresponding “Patch_4_9mps” simulation. Across all configurations, the canopy height is fixed at hc = 39 m, and the vegetation is characterized by a vertically distributed leaf area density, with a Leaf Area Index (LAI) of 7.05. Simulations were conducted using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) domain of size (Lx, Ly, Lz) = (2π, 2π, 1) km, where x, y, and z denote the streamwise, spanwise, and vertical directions. The computational grid consists of (Nx, Ny, Nz) = (256,256,256) points, yielding a spatial resolution of (Δx, Δy, Δz) = (24.5, 24.5, 3.9) m. An aerodynamic roughness length of z0 = 0.01 m is imposed at the surface. Time integration employs a fixed time step of Δt = 0.05 s. Simulations are spun up for 25 h, and data are sampled over the final 5 h of integration. To facilitate data access, a MATLAB script (main_load_snapshots.m) and a supporting function (load_snaps.m) are provided. These scripts load the binary files and organize them into 4D arrays for subsequent analysis. and See README file for data retrieval instructions.
    Keyword:
    Vegetated canopies, Large Eddy Simulations, Instantaneous velocity fields, Quadrant Analysis, and Roughness Sublayer Flow Statistics
    Subject:
    Turbulence, Atmospheric science, and Computational fluid dynamics
    Creator:
    Salmaso, Giulia and Calaf, Marc
    Owner:
    Kaylee Alexander
    Based Near Label Tesim:
    Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
    Language:
    binary
    Date Uploaded:
    06/06/2025
    Date Modified:
    06/18/2025
    Date Created:
    2022-01-01 to 2025-05-29
    License:
    CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
    Resource Type:
    Dataset
    Identifier:
    https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-kd2t-86ww

  • Large Eddy Simulations of Tall Vegetated Canopies: Heterogeneous Canopies (Gaps), Part 2

    Description:
    The simulations associated with this dataset form part of a broader investigation into the effects of heterogeneity in tall vegetated canopies, designed to emulate structural and aerodynamic characteristics of the Amazon rainforest. All cases are forced by a geostrophic wind of 9 m s⁻¹ under neutrally stratified conditions. The vegetated canopy configurations feature a vegetation cover with circular gaps composed of bare soil that are randomly distributed over the domain. The numerical value in each gap case name corresponds to the diameter of the gaps, D, expressed in meters after multiplication by a factor of 100. Thus: the configuration labeled “Gap_12_8_9mps” refers to gaps with D = 1200 m and D = 800 m, and the configuration labeled “Gap_12_8_4_9mps” refers to gaps with D = 1200 m, D = 800 m, and D = 400 m. Across all configurations, the canopy height is fixed at hc = 39 m, and the vegetation is characterized by a vertically distributed leaf area density, with a Leaf Area Index (LAI) of 7.05. Simulations were conducted using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) domain of size (Lx, Ly, Lz) = (2π, 2π, 1) km, where x, y, and z denote the streamwise, spanwise, and vertical directions. The computational grid consists of (Nx, Ny, Nz) = (256,256,256) points, yielding a spatial resolution of (Δx, Δy, Δz) = (24.5, 24.5, 3.9) m. An aerodynamic roughness length of z0 = 0.01 m is imposed at the surface. Time integration employs a fixed time step of Δt = 0.05 s. Simulations are spun up for 25 h, and data are sampled over the final 5 h of integration. To facilitate data access, a MATLAB script (main_load_snapshots.m) and a supporting function (load_snaps.m) are provided. These scripts load the binary files and organize them into 4D arrays for subsequent analysis. and See README file for data retrieval instructions.
    Keyword:
    Vegetated canopies, Large Eddy Simulations, Instantaneous velocity fields, Quadrant Analysis, and Roughness Sublayer Flow Statistics
    Subject:
    Turbulence, Atmospheric science, and Computational fluid dynamics
    Creator:
    Salmaso, Giulia and Calaf, Marc
    Owner:
    Kaylee Alexander
    Based Near Label Tesim:
    Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
    Language:
    binary
    Date Uploaded:
    06/06/2025
    Date Modified:
    06/10/2025
    Date Created:
    2022-01-01 to 2025-05-29
    License:
    CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
    Resource Type:
    Dataset
    Identifier:
    https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-44de-p0td

  • Large Eddy Simulations of Tall Vegetated Canopies: Heterogeneous Canopies (Gaps), Part 1

    Description:
    The simulations associated with this dataset form part of a broader investigation into the effects of heterogeneity in tall vegetated canopies, designed to emulate structural and aerodynamic characteristics of the Amazon rainforest. All cases are forced by a geostrophic wind of 9 m s⁻¹ under neutrally stratified conditions. The vegetated canopy configurations feature a vegetation cover with circular gaps composed of bare soil that are randomly distributed over the domain. The numerical value in each gap case name corresponds to the diameter of the gaps, D, expressed in meters after multiplication by a factor of 100. Thus: the configuration labeled “Gap_4_9mps” refers to gaps with D = 400 m, the configuration labeled “Gap_8_9mps” refers to gaps with D = 800 m, and the configuration labeled “Gap_12_9mps” refers to gaps with D = 1200 m. Across all configurations, the canopy height is fixed at hc = 39 m, and the vegetation is characterized by a vertically distributed leaf area density, with a Leaf Area Index (LAI) of 7.05. Simulations were conducted using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) domain of size (Lx, Ly, Lz) = (2π, 2π, 1) km, where x, y, and z denote the streamwise, spanwise, and vertical directions. The computational grid consists of (Nx, Ny, Nz) = (256,256,256) points, yielding a spatial resolution of (Δx, Δy, Δz) = (24.5, 24.5, 3.9) m. An aerodynamic roughness length of z0 = 0.01 m is imposed at the surface. Time integration employs a fixed time step of Δt = 0.05 s. Simulations are spun up for 25 h, and data are sampled over the final 5 h of integration. To facilitate data access, a MATLAB script (main_load_snapshots.m) and a supporting function (load_snaps.m) are provided. These scripts load the binary files and organize them into 4D arrays for subsequent analysis. and See README file for data retrieval instructions.
    Keyword:
    Vegetated canopies, Large Eddy Simulations, Instantaneous velocity fields, Quadrant Analysis, and Roughness Sublayer Flow Statistics
    Subject:
    Turbulence, Atmospheric science, and Computational fluid dynamics
    Creator:
    Salmaso, Giulia and Calaf, Marc
    Owner:
    Kaylee Alexander
    Based Near Label Tesim:
    Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
    Language:
    binary
    Date Uploaded:
    06/06/2025
    Date Modified:
    06/10/2025
    Date Created:
    2022-01-01 to 2025-05-29
    License:
    CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
    Resource Type:
    Dataset
    Identifier:
    https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-3ve7-pm2e

  • Large Eddy Simulations of Tall Vegetated Canopies: Homogeneous Canopies, Part 3

    Description:
    The simulations associated with this dataset form part of a broader investigation into the effects of heterogeneity in tall vegetated canopies, designed to emulate structural and aerodynamic characteristics of the Amazon rainforest. All cases are forced by a geostrophic wind of 9 m s⁻¹ under neutrally stratified conditions. The case "Hom_lim_9mps" features an almost non-existent vegetation density, with corresponding LAI values of 0.14, while the case “Empty_9mps” refers to a bare soil surface with no vegetation. Simulations were conducted using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) domain of size (Lx, Ly, Lz) = (2π, 2π, 1) km, where x, y, and z denote the streamwise, spanwise, and vertical directions. The computational grid consists of (Nx, Ny, Nz) = (256,256,256) points, yielding a spatial resolution of (Δx, Δy, Δz) = (24.5, 24.5, 3.9) m. An aerodynamic roughness length of z0 = 0.01 m is imposed at the surface. Time integration employs a fixed time step of Δt = 0.05 s. Simulations are spun up for 25 h, and data are sampled over the final 5 h of integration. To facilitate data access, a MATLAB script (main_load_snapshots.m) and a supporting function (load_snaps.m) are provided. These scripts load the binary files and organize them into 4D arrays for subsequent analysis. and See README file for data retrieval instructions.
    Keyword:
    Vegetated canopies, Large Eddy Simulations, Instantaneous velocity fields, Quadrant Analysis, and Roughness Sublayer Flow Statistics
    Subject:
    Turbulence, Atmospheric science, and Computational fluid dynamics
    Creator:
    Salmaso, Giulia and Calaf, Marc
    Owner:
    Kaylee Alexander
    Based Near Label Tesim:
    Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
    Language:
    binary
    Date Uploaded:
    06/06/2025
    Date Modified:
    06/10/2025
    Date Created:
    2022-01-01 to 2025-05-29
    License:
    CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
    Resource Type:
    Dataset
    Identifier:
    https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-srwd-k33d

  • Large Eddy Simulations of Tall Vegetated Canopies: Homogeneous Canopies, Part 2

    Description:
    The simulation associated with this dataset form part of a broader investigation into the effects of heterogeneity in tall vegetated canopies, designed to emulate structural and aerodynamic characteristics of the Amazon rainforest. This simulation is forced with streamwise normalized pressure gradient of (1/ρ) (dp/dx) = 1 , where the friction velocity u* = 0.58 m/s and the boundary layer height zi = 1000 m are used as normalizing variables (i.e., dp/dx ~ (u*)^2/zi), and ρ refers to the hydrostatic density. Neutrally stratified conditions are assumed. The homogeneous canopy is characterized by a Leaf Area Index (LAI) of 5.36. This simulation shares the same canopy geometry as the case Hom_eq_gaps_9mps in Deposit 1; however, it differs in that it is driven by a prescribed pressure gradient rather than by geostrophic forcing. The simulations was conducted using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) domain of size (Lx, Ly, Lz) = (2π, 2π, 1) km, where x, y, and z denote the streamwise, spanwise, and vertical directions. The computational grid consists of (Nx, Ny, Nz) = (256,256,256) points, yielding a spatial resolution of (Δx, Δy, Δz) = (24.5, 24.5, 3.9) m. An aerodynamic roughness length of z0 = 0.01 m is imposed at the surface. Time integration employs a fixed time step of Δt = 0.02 s. Simulations are spun up for 25 h, and data are sampled over the final 5 h of integration. To facilitate data access, a MATLAB script (main_load_snapshots.m) and a supporting function (load_snaps.m) are provided. These scripts load the binary files and organize them into 4D arrays for subsequent analysis. and See README file for data retrieval instructions.
    Keyword:
    Vegetated canopies, Large Eddy Simulations, Instantaneous velocity fields, Quadrant Analysis, and Roughness Sublayer Flow Statistics
    Subject:
    Turbulence, Atmospheric science, and Computational fluid dynamics
    Creator:
    Salmaso, Giulia and Calaf, Marc
    Owner:
    Kaylee Alexander
    Based Near Label Tesim:
    Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
    Language:
    binary
    Date Uploaded:
    06/06/2025
    Date Modified:
    06/10/2025
    Date Created:
    2022-01-01 to 2025-05-29
    License:
    CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
    Resource Type:
    Dataset
    Identifier:
    https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-bg3w-c2a3

  • Large Eddy Simulations of Tall Vegetated Canopies: Homogeneous Canopies, Part 1

    Description:
    The simulations associated with this dataset form part of a broader investigation into the effects of heterogeneity in tall vegetated canopies, designed to emulate structural and aerodynamic characteristics of the Amazon rainforest. All cases are forced by a geostrophic wind of 9 m s⁻¹ under neutrally stratified conditions. The homogeneous canopy cases differ in their vertical Leaf Area Density (LAD) distributions. Specifically, the case "Hom_Amazon_9mps" represents the canonical Amazon forest, characterized by a canopy height of hc = 39 m and a total Leaf Area Index (LAI) of 7.05. The canopy height is fixed across all cases. The remaining homogeneous configurations, i.e. "Hom_eq_gaps_9mps" and "Hom_eq_patches_9mps" feature a reduced LAD profile, with a corresponding LAI value of 5.36. Simulations were conducted using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) domain of size (Lx, Ly, Lz) = (2π, 2π, 1) km, where x, y, and z denote the streamwise, spanwise, and vertical directions. The computational grid consists of (Nx, Ny, Nz) = (256,256,256) points, yielding a spatial resolution of (Δx, Δy, Δz) = (24.5, 24.5, 3.9) m. An aerodynamic roughness length of z0 = 0.01 m is imposed at the surface. Time integration employs a fixed time step of Δt = 0.05 s. Simulations are spun up for 25 h, and data are sampled over the final 5 h of integration. To facilitate data access, a MATLAB script (main_load_snapshots.m) and a supporting function (load_snaps.m) are provided. These scripts load the binary files and organize them into 4D arrays for subsequent analysis. and See README file for data retrieval instructions.
    Keyword:
    Vegetated canopies, Large Eddy Simulations, Instantaneous velocity fields, Quadrant Analysis, and Roughness Sublayer Flow Statistics
    Subject:
    Turbulence, Atmospheric science, and Computational fluid dynamics
    Creator:
    Salmaso, Giulia and Calaf, Marc
    Owner:
    Kaylee Alexander
    Based Near Label Tesim:
    Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
    Language:
    binary
    Date Uploaded:
    06/05/2025
    Date Modified:
    06/18/2025
    Date Created:
    2022-01-01 to 2025-05-29
    License:
    CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
    Resource Type:
    Dataset
    Identifier:
    https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-r15r-bdqq