This HUCKINS_README20250702.txt file was generated on 20250702 by Madison Golden. ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset Airborne Xanthomonas Experiments - Madras 2023 (AXE-M2023): Field Measurements of Turbulence, Particle Dispersion, and Particle Deposition during Combine Harvesting in Madras OR 2. Author Information Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Rob Stoll Institution: University of Utah Address: 1495 E 100 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Email: rob.stoll@utah.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-4777-6944 Department: Mechanical Engineering Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Matthew K. Huckins Institution: University of Utah Address: 1495 E 100 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Email: Matthew.Huckins@utah.edu ORCID: 0009-0004-2729-9652 Department: Mechanical Engineering Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Katelyn D. Baldino Institution: Oregon State University Address: 2701 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, 97331, USA ORCID: 0009-0000-5818-4111 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Jeremiah K.S. Dung Institution: Oregon State University Address: 850 NW Dogwood Ln, Madras, 97741, USA Email: jeremiah.dung@oregonstate.edu ORCID: 0000-0003-2481-4087 Department: Central Oregon Agricultural Research and Extension Center Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Walter F. Mahaffee Institution: USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit Address: 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, 97330, USA Email: walt.mahaffee@usda.gov ORCID: 0000-0002-3130-8855 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Eric R. Pardyjak Institution: University of Utah Address: 1495 E 100 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Email: eric.pardyjak@utah.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-0180-0857 Department: Mechanical Engineering 3. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date) 2023-09-13 to 2023-09-15 5. Geographic location of data collection (where was data collected?): Madras, OR, USA 6. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: USDA NIFA-SRCI Project 2020-02656; USDA Agricultural Research Service, Research Support Agreement 58-2072-0-036 -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: Public Domain 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: article forthcoming 3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: NA 4. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: NA 5. Was data derived from another source? No 6. Recommended citation for the data: Stoll, R., Huckins, M.K., Baldino, K.D., Dung, J.K.S, & Mahaffee, W.F. (2025) Field Measurements of Turbulence and Particle Deposition during Combine Harvesting in Madras OR. The Hive: University of Utah Research Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-aa6z-4m2k --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- NOTE: DATA WAS COLLECTED IN 9 FIELD PASSES USING IDENTICAL METHODS, FOLDER STRUCTURE, NUMBER OF FILES, AND NAMING CONVENTION. THE NUMBER OF THE FIELD PASS [1-9] IS IDENTIFIED IN EACH FILE NAME. COMPLETE FILE LISTS ARE INCLUDED FOR EACH SET FOR CLARITY. For further background, please see the methods section. 1. File List A. Filename: pass[1-9]x.mat Short description: The x-coordinates representing the East to West distances of the sensor array from the line source releasing microspheres. File list: pass1x.mat pass2x.mat pass3x.mat pass4x.mat pass5x.mat pass6x.mat pass7x.mat pass8x.mat pass9x.mat B. Filename: pass[1-9]y.mat Short description: The y-coordinates representing the North to South distances of the sensor array from the line source releasing microspheres. File list: pass1y.mat pass2y.mat pass3y.mat pass4y.mat pass5y.mat pass6y.mat pass7y.mat pass8y.mat pass9y.mat C. Filename: pass[1-9]_33micron_deposited_plate.csv Short description: The mass of 33 micron particles deposited on deposition plates at a given location in the array. File list: pass1_33micron_deposited_plate.csv pass2_33micron_deposited_plate.csv pass3_33micron_deposited_plate.csv pass4_33micron_deposited_plate.csv pass5_33micron_deposited_plate.csv pass6_33micron_deposited_plate.csv pass7_33micron_deposited_plate.csv pass8_33micron_deposited_plate.csv pass9_33micron_deposited_plate.csv D. Filename: pass[1-9]_165micron_deposited_plate.csv Short description: The mass of 165 micron particles deposited on deposition plates at a given location in the array. File list: pass1_165micron_deposited_plate.csv pass2_165micron_deposited_plate.csv pass3_165micron_deposited_plate.csv pass4_165micron_deposited_plate.csv pass5_165micron_deposited_plate.csv pass6_165micron_deposited_plate.csv pass7_165micron_deposited_plate.csv pass8_165micron_deposited_plate.csv pass9_165micron_deposited_plate.csv E. Filename: pass[1-9]_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat Short description: The mass of the total number of 33 micron microsphere particles captured by each rotorod, converted from particles per volume of air to mass per volume of air using the particle size distribution outlined in "Heavy particle transport in a trellised agricultural canopy during non-row-aligned winds" (Miller et al., 2018). File list: pass1_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat pass2_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat pass3_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat pass4_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat pass5_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat pass6_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat pass7_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat pass8_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat pass9_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat F. Filename: CST_pass[1-9].csv Short description: The microspheres deposited in a given bin of a Cascade Settling Traps (CST) device at the 4 closest positions in the array during a given pass. These devices were placed in the first 4 rows of column 4 of 6, corresponding to the pass[1-9]x.mat and pass[1-9]y.mat files. File list: CST_pass1.csv CST_pass2.csv CST_pass3.csv CST_pass4.csv CST_pass5.csv CST_pass6.csv CST_pass7.csv CST_pass8.csv CST_pass9.csv G. Filename: Pass_[1-9]_met.csv Short description: The meteorological conditions during each microsphere release. Note: data was collected in 9 field passes using identical methods, folder structure, number of files, and naming convention, which identifies the field pass [1-9]. File list: Pass_1_met.csv Pass_2_met.csv Pass_3_met.csv Pass_4_met.csv Pass_5_met.csv Pass_6_met.csv Pass_7_met.csv Pass_8_met.csv Pass_9_met.csv H. Filename: Release-[num]-C23-ST-Green.zip Short description: This set of zipped files contains spliced images of the quantity of green (165 micron) particles deposited on deposition plates for each of the 9 replicated field passes. The naming convention for each represents its trial number, indicating the data's field pass [1-9] and the particle size [green (165 micron) or red (33 micron)]. Each .zip file contains 45 sub-folders which are titled according to their replication number (T1, T2, ...). The 45 sub-folders each contain 135 splices of the 165 micron deposition plate image taken after it's associated field pass. File list: Release 1 - C23 - ST - Green.zip Release 2 - C23 - ST - Green.zip Release 3 - C23 - ST - Green.zip Release 4 - C23 - ST - Green.zip Release 5 - C23 - ST - Green.zip Release 6 - C23 - ST - Green.zip Release 7 - C23 - ST - Green.zip Release 8 - C23 - ST - Green.zip Release 9 - C23 - ST - Green.zip H. Filename: Release-[num]-C23-ST-Red.zip Short description: This set of zipped files contains images of the red (33 micron) particles deposited on deposition plates for each of the 9 replicated field passes. The naming convention for each represents its trial number, indicating the data's field pass [1-9] and the particle size [green (165 micron) or red (33 micron)]. Each .zip file contains 45 sub-folders which are titled according to their replication number (T1, T2, ...). The 45 sub-folders each contain 135 splices of the 33 micron deposition plate image taken after it's associated field pass. File list: Release 1 - C23 - ST - Red.zip Release 2 - C23 - ST - Red.zip Release 3 - C23 - ST - Red.zip Release 4 - C23 - ST - Red.zip Release 5 - C23 - ST - Red.zip Release 6 - C23 - ST - Red.zip Release 7 - C23 - ST - Red.zip Release 8 - C23 - ST - Red.zip Release 9 - C23 - ST - Red.zip 2. Relationship between files: The .zip file sets above contain images for 33 micron (red) and 165 micron (green) particles collected during each of the 9 field passes, which were processed along with other measurements and data collected to create the 4 .mat and 3 .csv file sets described. Each file in a given file set contains data from one of the 9 field passes performed (indicated in file name) and were collected in the same location using identical methods (detailed in the methods section). 3. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: Automatically generated image processing metadata files were removed as they did not contain additional context or useful information. 4. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? No -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: Fluorescent microspheres of three known size classes (32.8 μm, 165 μm, and 469 μm) were blended with sand and released into the effluent stream of a combine harvester during nine replicate field passes across east-to-west-aligned carrot seed beds at the Central Oregon Agricultural Research and Extension Center (COAREC) in Madras, Oregon. The release system was a custom vibration-damped funnel mounted above the combine discharge stream. Downwind dispersion and deposition were measured using a 7 x 6 x 4 array of rotating arm impaction traps (mounted at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0 m AGL) and adhesive-coated deposition plates (at 0.125 m AGL). Cascade Settling Traps (CSTs) were placed in the first 4 rows of column 4 of 6. Turbulence conditions during each release were recorded using two instrumented towers outfitted with sonic anemometers, fine-wire thermocouples, humidity sensors, and OPC-N3 optical particle counters. Coordinates of all field equipment and harvest passes were surveyed using a Nikon D-50 Total Station. 2. Methods for processing the data: Data processing included despiking and quality control of turbulence data using UTESpac, with full alignment, rotation, and computation of Monin-Obukhov length, friction velocity, and velocity variances calculated on a per release basis. Adhesive-coated deposition plates and Cascade Settling Traps (CSTs) were collocated and exposed during field trials to capture settling fluorescent microspheres. The deposition plates, mounted surface-normal at 0.125 m AGL, were imaged post-trial using a high-resolution fluorescent microscope. Microspheres were quantified via automated ImageJ and Python-based classification, with manual verification for larger particles. CSTs, positioned at 0.15 m AGL, used vibration motors to facilitate particle sorting through stacked stainless steel meshes. Following the trials, particles retained on each mesh layer were recovered and counted under a microscope to quantify size-segregated particle mass and assess collection efficiency. The pass1x.mat and pass1y.mat files were manually created by importing the manual measurements of the deposition locations into .mat files. 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: Files are in .CSV or .MAT formats. .CSV files can be universally interpreted while the .MAT files are native to Mathworks Matlab and can be loaded into Python scripts using the SciPy Library scipy.io module. 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: NA 5. Environmental/experimental conditions: Field experiments were conducted under clear-sky, mid-afternoon conditions in a carrot seed field, exposing devices to naturally occurring, unstable atmospheric turbulence representative of near-surface agricultural environments. 6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: Several quality-assurance procedures were implemented to ensure data reliability. For meteorological data, raw 20 Hz sonic anemometer signals were de-spiked using UTESpac, and velocity components were rotated into the mean streamwise coordinate frame to eliminate directional bias. Trial-specific averaging ensured that only atmospheric conditions unique to each trial were considered. For deposition data, image acquisition parameters were standardized, and particle counting workflows were validated by comparing automated ImageJ-based counts to manual counts, yielding high agreement (R² = 0.997 for 33 μm and R² = 0.995 for 165 μm microspheres). Manual verification was also performed for large particles with weak fluorescence. 7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission not involved included as authors: Ethan Chang, Jason W. Toney, Tara Neill, Abby Williams, Alex Wong, Eliza Allen, Fabien Margairaz, Savanah Espinosa ------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Release-[1-9]-C23-ST-Green.zip ------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THE FOLLOWING IMFORMATION APPLIES TO EACH OF THE 9 ZIPPED FILES WHERE THE PARTICLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NAMING STRUCTURE (ABOVE) REFERENCES RED (165 MICRON) PARTICLES. 1. Number of variables: 135 2. Cases: 45 2. Variable List A. Name: Tile000001 Description: The first of 135 .tiff image files which were spliced from the same photograph of 33 micron (green) particles deposited on deposition plates. The file naming structure indicates the order of splices. There is one .zip file for each of the 9 field passes, where the deposition plate image associated with that pass was spliced 135 times. The splicing process was replicated 45 times, and the 135 .tiff files generated in that replication are organized into folders titled by their replication number (T1, T2, ...). The folder and file naming is identical across all zip folders. B. Name: Tile000002, Tile000003, ...Tile000135 Description: [1-135] of 135 .tiff image files which were spliced from the same photograph of 33 micron (green) particles deposited on deposition plates. The file naming structure indicates the order of splices. There is one .zip file for each of the 9 field passes, where the deposition plate image associated with that pass was spliced 135 times. The splicing process was replicated 45 times, and the 135 .tiff files generated in that replication are organized into folders titled by their replication number (T1, T2, ...). The folder and file naming is identical across all zip folders. ------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Release-[1-9]-C23-ST-Red.zip ------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THE FOLLOWING IMFORMATION APPLIES TO EACH OF THE 9 ZIPPED FILES WHERE THE PARTICLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NAMING STRUCTURE (ABOVE) REFERENCES RED (165 MICRON) PARTICLES. 1. Number of variables: 135 2. Cases: 45 2. Variable List A. Name: Tile000001.tiff Description: The first of 135 .tiff image files which were spliced from the same photograph of 165 micron (red) particles deposited on deposition plates. The file naming structure indicates the order of splices. There is one .zip file for each of the 9 field passes, where the deposition plate image associated with that pass was spliced 135 times. The splicing process was replicated 45 times, and the 135 .tiff files generated in that replication are organized into folders titled by their replication number (T1, T2, ...). The folder and file naming is identical across all zip folders. B. Name: Tile000002.tiff, Tile000003.tiff, ...Tile000135.tiff Description: [1-135] of 135 .tiff image files which were spliced from the same photograph of 165 micron (red) particles deposited on deposition plates. The file naming structure indicates the order of splices. There is one .zip file for each of the 9 field passes, where the deposition plate image associated with that pass was spliced 135 times. The splicing process was replicated 45 times, and the 135 .tiff files generated in that replication are organized into folders titled by their replication number (T1, T2, ...). The folder and file naming is identical across all zip folders. --------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: pass[1-9]x.mat --------------------------------------------- NOTE: THE NUMBER OF CASES REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PASSES WHERE THE SAME VARIABLES LISTED BELOW WERE MEASURED. 1. Number of variables: There are 6 x-coordinates arranged in the 6x7x4 array as generated by the native Matlab Meshgrid function. 2. Cases: 9 2. Variable List A. Name: x-coordinate Description: The x-coordinate(s) of a standard MATLAB or NumPy 3D meshgrid, which represent manual measurements of the deposition locations imported into .mat files. --------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: pass[1-9]y.mat --------------------------------------------- NOTE: THE NUMBER OF CASES REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PASSES WHERE THE SAME VARIABLES LISTED BELOW WERE MEASURED. 1. Number of variables: There are 7 y-coordinates arranged in the 6x7x4 array as generated by the native Matlab Meshgrid function. 2. Cases: 9 2. Variable List A. Name: y-coordinate Description: The y-coordinate(s) of a standard MATLAB or NumPy 3D meshgrid, which represent manual measurements of the deposition locations imported into .mat files. --------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: pass[1-9]_33micron_deposited_plate.csv --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THE NUMBER OF CASES REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PASSES WHERE THE SAME VARIABLES LISTED BELOW WERE MEASURED. 1. Number of variables: There are 42 variables arrange as a 6x7 matrix in a .csv file 2. Cases: 9 2. Variable List A. Name: pass[1-9]_33micron_deposited_plate.csv Description: The response variable of a standard MATLAB or NumPy 2D meshgrid representing number of 33 micron particles counted per effective sampling area. The number of 33 micron particles represents the amount captured by deposition plates and imaged under the microsope during each of the 9 field passes (images contained in Release-[1-9]-C23-ST-Green.zip files). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: pass[1-9]_165micron_deposited_plate.csv ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THE NUMBER OF CASES REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PASSES WHERE THE SAME VARIABLES LISTED BELOW WERE MEASURED. 1. Number of variables: There are 42 variables arrange as a 6x7 matrix in a .csv file 2. Cases: 9 2. Variable List A. Name: pass[1-9]_165micron_deposited_plate.csv Description: The response variable of a standard MATLAB or NumPy 2D meshgrid representing number of 165 micron particles counted per effective sampling area. The number of 165 micron particles represents the amount captured by deposition plates and imaged under the microsope during each of the 9 field passes (images contained in Release-[1-9]-C23-ST-Red.zip files). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: pass[1-9]_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THE NUMBER OF CASES REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PASSES WHERE THE SAME VARIABLES LISTED BELOW WERE MEASURED. 1. Number of variables: There are 168 variables arrange as a 6x7x4 matrix in a .mat file 2. Cases: 9 2. Variable List A. Name: The variable names are the same as the file name when loaded in Matlab or Python - pass[1-9]_rotorod_mass_g_m3_33micron_captured.mat Description: The response variable of a standard MATLAB or NumPy 2D meshgrid representing the mass of the total number of 33 micron microsphere particles captured by each rotorod, converted to mass per volume of air. ------------------------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: CST_pass[1-9].csv ------------------------------------------------ NOTE: THE NUMBER OF CASES REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PASSES WHERE THE SAME VARIABLES LISTED BELOW WERE MEASURED. 1. Number of variables: There are four CST devices per pass. 2. Cases: 9 2. Variable List A. Name: Each CST is labeled by the distance away from the source. Description: The 1D array of CST devices that were collected and placed in column 4 of 6 corresponding to the pass1x.mat and pass1y.mat files. ------------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: pass_[1-9]_met.csv ------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THE NUMBER OF CASES REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PASSES WHERE THE SAME VARIABLES LISTED BELOW WERE MEASURED. 1. Number of variables: There are 26 variables captured at 4 different heights above ground level 2. Cases: 9 2. Variable List A. Name: MO_length_mobile u_star_mobile u_v_mobile w_T_mobile U_mobile u_prime_std_mobile v_prime_std_mobile w_prime_std_mobile WD_mobile epsilon_mobile T_mean_mobile Kuw_grad_mobile Kuw_fric_mobile MO_length_main u_star_main u_v_main w_T_main Description: meterological and derived turbulence variables in SI units. Columns of length 4 correspond to each variable name above following standard naming conventions.