This SALMASO-1_readme20250603.txt file was generated on 20250603 by Kaylee Alexander ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset Large Eddy Simulations of Tall Vegetated Canopies: Homogeneous Canopies, Part 1 2. Author Information Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Marc Calaf Institution: Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah Address: 1495 E 100 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Email: marc.calaf@utah.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-8570-1185 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Giulia Salmaso Institution: Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah Address: 1495 E 100 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Email: giulia.salmaso@utah.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-6193-8110 3. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date) 20220101 to 20250529 4. Geographic location of data collection (where was data collected?): University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: NSF PDM 1712538 -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution. 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: - TK - TK 3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: NA 4. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: NA 5. Was data derived from another source? No 6. Recommended citation for the data: Salmaso, Giulia, and Marc Calaf. 2025. "Large Eddy Simulations of Tall Vegetated Canopies: Homogeneous Canopies, Part 1." The Hive: University of Utah Research Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-r15r-bdqq. --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- 1. File List & Description Each directory (.tar.gz file) contains 600 binary files named snapshot-NUMBER.dat, where NUMBER increments by 250. These files represent instantaneous snapshots of the three-dimensional velocity field over a total duration of 125 minutes (Nt x 250 x Δt = 600 × 250 × 0.05s). Each snapshot is separated by 12.5 s (250 × Δt). In the folder naming convention, the string component “_9mps” indicates that the simulation is forced by a geostrophic wind speed of 9 m s⁻¹. Each folder name further corresponds to a specific canopy configuration. In particular, the component “Hom” designates homogeneous canopies. Within the homogeneous set, the label “_Amazon” represents the densest canopy configuration, with a leaf area index (LAI) of 7.05. The “_eq_gaps” configuration (LAI = 5.36) is designed to match the equivalent global drag force of the gap-type canopies included in Deposit 4 (“Gap_4_9mps”, “Gap_8_9mps”, and “Gap_12_9mps”). Similarly, “_eq_patches” (LAI = 1.73) matches the equivalent global drag force of the patch-type canopies featured in Deposit 6 (“Patch_4_9mps”, “Patch_8_9mps”, and “Patch_12_9mps”). A. Filename: Hom_Amazon_9mps.tar.gz B. Filename: Hom_eq_gaps_9mps.tar.gz C. Filename: Hom_eq_patches_9mps.tar.gz 2. File Download Instructions: To retrieve the data, download file 20250609_DownloadScript1_Salmaso.txt to your machine, open a command line terminal and run the following command: wget -I 20250609_DownloadScript1_Salmaso.txt For more information on running this command, visit https://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/wget.htm 3. Relationship between files: For each folder, the 600 snapshots provide a dataset that captures the temporal evolution of the velocity fields. These data can be analyzed using quadrant analysis to extract further insights. 4. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: - https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-bg3w-c2a3 - https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-srwd-k33d - https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-3ve7-pm2e - https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-44de-p0td - https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-kd2t-86ww - https://doi.org/10.7278/S5d-n96s-3gkr 5. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? No -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: The data were generated using a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) code written in Fortran. Simulations were run at the Center for High Performance Computing (CHPC) at the University of Utah. The numerical implementation follows a standard pseudospectral approach, where horizontal derivatives are computed in Fourier space, and vertical derivatives are calculated on a vertical staggered grid with a second-order finite differences scheme. The time integration follows the second-order Adam-Bashforth scheme. Lateral boundary conditions are periodic. A stress-free-lid condition is imposed on the horizontal velocity at the top boundary, whereas a non-crossing condition is assigned to the vertical velocity. At the bottom of the domain a non-slip condition is imposed for the vertical velocity, as well as the shear stress for the horizontal components. For additional details on the LES framework used please see these publications: - TK - TK 2. Methods for processing the data: The data were post-processed. Future post-processing can be performed in MATLAB, Python, or any other preferred programming language. 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: Included in the deposit are two MATLAB scripts: "main_load_snapshots.m" and "load_snaps.m". The script "main_load_snapshots.m" demonstrates how to load the data, while "load_snaps.m" functions as a supporting subroutine called by the main script. The script "main_load_snapshots.m", when executed in a one of the directories of 600 snapshots, will load the data. Equivalent scripts can be developed in other programming languages to facilitate data loading. 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: The velocity fields are non-dimensionalized using the velocity scale u_scale​ = 0.313 m/s. To retrieve the dimensional velocity components (u, v, w), each component needs to be multiplied by this scale factor. 5. Environmental/experimental conditions: The simulations related to the present dataset investigate heterogeneity in tall vegetated canopies designed to mimic the Amazon rainforest. Simulations are forced with a geostrophic wind speed of 9 m/s, under neutral atmospheric stratification. In particular, "Hom-Amazon" represents the actual Amazon forest, with a canopy height hc = 39 m and a LAI = 7.05. The canopy height remains the same across all configurations. In contrast, the homogeneous canopies "Hom-eq-gaps", "Hom-eq-patches", and "Hom-lim" represent forests with progressively reduced LAD profiles, with corresponding LAI values of 5.36, 1.73, and 0.14, respectively. The LES domain used in this study measures (Lx, Ly, Lz) = (2 pi, 2 pi, 1) km, where (x,y,z) denote the streamwise, spanwise, and vertical directions, respectively. The numerical grid consists of (Nx, Ny, Nz) = (256,256,256) points, resulting in a spatial resolution of (Δx, Δy, Δz) = (24.5,24.5,3.9) m. An aerodynamic roughness length of z0 = 0.01 m is imposed at the surface. A time step of dt = 0.05 s is used for time integration. All simulations are spun up for 25 h, and flow statistics are computed during the last 5 h. The data presented here is sampled in the final 5 h interval. All information about how the data were generated (i.e., geometry, forcing, and other conditions) are available in the following publications: -TK -TK 6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: The data were generated with a computational framework that has been often tested against other simulation platforms and experimental data. 7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: NA ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: snapshots_[NUMBER].dat ----------------------------------------- Note: Each directory contains 600 binary files, each representing a three-dimensional snapshot of the (u,v,w) velocity field at a specific instant in time. The NUMBER in the filename corresponds to the iteration number, from which the associated physical time can be calculated by multiplying by the time step dt = 0.05 s. The file numbering increments by 250, indicating that the data sampling interval is 250 x 0.05 s = 12.5 s. Consequently, the total time period covered by the dataset is T = 600 x 250 x 0.05 s = 125 min. All velocity components are normalized by the friction velocity, u* = 0.313 m s⁻¹. 1. Number of variables: 3 (per binary file) 2. Number of cases/rows: 1 row of 16777216 = 256 x 256 x 256 elements (per file) 3. Variable List A. Name: u Description: instantaneous, 3D (x,y,z) = (256,256,256), streamwise wind velocity field B. Name: v Description: instantaneous, 3D (x,y,z) = (256,256,256), spanwise wind velocity field C. Name: w Description: instantaneous, 3D (x,y,z) = (256,256,256), vertical wind velocity field 4. Missing data codes: NA 5. Specialized formats of other abbreviations used: NA